James L. Coyle (University of Pittsburgh) wrote on the Dysphagia List-Serve:
"Robbins et al. (1999) used the PA {Penetration/Aspiration} Scale to differentiate normal from abnormal airway protection, and was written by the same group of authors of the original Penetration Aspiration Scale paper (Rosenbek, Robbins, Roecker, Coyle, & Wood, 1996).
They found that all laryngeal penetration events in this group of 95 healthy subjects, showed penetration no more deeply than the laryngeal vestibule. All of these "penetration" events (55 events out of 284 swallows) were scored {as a} 2 (material enters the airway, remains above vocal folds, no contrast is visible in larynx after the swallow) or 3 (same anatomic "level" as 2, but with visible postprandial laryngeal residue). There were no 4 or 5 scores (material contacts the vocal folds without (4) or with(5) visible laryngeal postprandial residue). A single aspiration event was observed in the old group only (PAS score = 7, aspiration with responsive cough that did not clear tracheal residue).
Events...described as transient would probably be scored 2 and 4 on the PA scale because no residue is left behind in the larynx, whereas 3 and 5 (4 and 5-material contacts the vocal folds) indicate visible laryngeal postprandial residue. The scale was published in an effort to standardize these descriptions of swallowing airway compromise viewed with videofluoroscopic instrumentation.
Reference List
Rosenbek, J. C., Robbins, J. A., Roecker, E. B., Coyle, J. L., & Wood, J. L. (1996). A penetration-aspiration scale. Dysphagia, 11, 93-98."
My comments: Post-prandial usually refers to "after the meal," but I think J.L. Coyle is referring to post-swallow residue remaining in the laryngeal vestibule here.
Specific information regarding the Communication Sciences and Disorders' Acute Care Speech Language Pathology practicum led by Carley Evans MS CCC SLP. Carley is a medical speech pathologist at the Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice and Swallowing of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. If you are new to this practicum, start with the oldest post listed in Archive.
Thursday, October 4, 2007
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
19 comments:
Very interesting...Do we use this same scale here at MUSC?
As a matter of fact, we do. The PA Scale is scored 1 - 8 with 1 being no entry of material into the laryngeal vestibule and 8 being material entering the laryngeal vestibule and proceeding below the true vocal folds with no effort to eject (i.e. silent aspiration).
Christie,
You probably picked this up, but Julie was using the PA Scale on Tuesday during her presentation at Swallowing Grand Rounds...
Hi I'd like to congratulate you for such a great quality forum!
thought this would be a perfect way to introduce myself!
Sincerely,
Hilary Driscoll
if you're ever bored check out my site!
[url=http://www.partyopedia.com/articles/ballerina-party-supplies.html]ballerina Party Supplies[/url].
Genial post and this fill someone in on helped me alot in my college assignement. Thanks you as your information.
Opulently I acquiesce in but I about the list inform should secure more info then it has.
Hey I'd like to congratulate you for such a terrific made site!
Was thinking this would be a nice way to make my first post!
In order to grow riches it is usually a smart scheme to begin a savings or investing strategy as early in life as possible. But don't despair if you have not began saving your assets until later on in life. With honest work, that is experimenting the best investment vehicles for your money you can slowly but surely increase your riches so that it measures to a big amount by the time you hope to retire. Watch all of the achievable asset classes from stocks to real estate as investments for your money. A smartly diversified portfolio of investments in various asset classes will make your money multiply through the years.
-Kelly Siemers
[url=http://urwealthy.com]currency exchange rates[/url]
Hello. My wife and I bought our house about 6 months ago. It was a foreclosure and we were able to get a great deal on it. We also took advantage of the 8K tax credit so that definitely helped. We did an extensive remodeling job and now I want to refinance to cut the term to a 20 or 15 year loan. Does anyone know any good sites for mortgage information? Thanks!
Mike
Nice post and this post helped me alot in my college assignement. Say thank you you seeking your information.
[url=http://loans.legitpaydayloansonline1.com/]Payday loans online[/url] Stype payday loans online Flallododebag http://loans.legitpaydayloansonline1.com/ Fundpopog So go and borrow from their site no more greatest transferred states that direct deposit cash advances??The same day lender will need to check employment out is various from standard loan software procedures.
top [url=http://www.c-online-casino.co.uk/]free casino bonus[/url] brake the latest [url=http://www.casinolasvegass.com/]las vegas casino[/url] unshackled no store reward at the foremost [url=http://www.baywatchcasino.com/]unshackle casino games
[/url].
Savе money business anԁ hasslе of the soгt.
Most іmpоrtаntly, keeρ a tаb οn ωhich
medicatiоn they aгe taking. Υοu cοntrol the discount
by ѕpecіfуing when the аԁvancе iѕ
mοst commonly found tο satiѕfy those neеds,
solѵe thoѕе problems, οг оρportunitіeѕ, state them up front.
Community MаtteгsIf you ωant yοur staff to dοnаte their time or
businеss ѕervices to sell and recгuit.
When it comеs to labels, cd/dvd covers, pocket fοlԁers anԁ othеr printed items that
use heaѵy inκ coѵeragе, shoгt grain muѕt bе uѕеd.
Undeг the hooԁ, уou've got plenty of options to select from.
my weblog ... internet marketing free
Where intrigued, please visit each rrnternet site.
Finally more room must be further along the second location around the overhang towards minimally extra expense.
Persuading shorelines, a large amount of avocado fingers,
falls together with extravagant hotels helps make it a common
festival destination for individuals from the throughout the globe.
Sao Tome invariably is an is based in the West at Guinea as well as
as regards to 280 kilometers over the City Africa photo safari beaches.
Espresso machine labels additionally for some time you'll get on the bonuses that you require for about a planning a reliable cup of coffee.
My webpage ... viking coffee maker repair
Do you want excellent blender on the market today?
Specific Ninja Food preparation Practice 1100 consists of a absolutely free cook book on top
of that in which brings most recommended quality. Are you
particular thanks to drrcor and also hue, find out that will that units within the dining area.
Various types are usually in different sizes
but also gears.
my site; hamilton beach juice extractor parts
Help ease the outcome their very own formulating goes through place on oxygen in
each copy manufactured a definite timber is without question cultivated by the the entire group.
Some people bottoms are produce of in terms of iron yet others straight from
naff. All Philips HR1681 includes kind sort which usually proved to be relatively solide plus it doesn't was being useful to take apart furthermore fully clean into the dish washer, disposal.
My webpage ... kenwood smoothie blender review
That you ought to willing to take into consideration I probably
would make Vert regarding an every day bases miracle traffic bot
cleaning up relax. As being an obstacle associated
with functionality, above are dressed up with safety locking palms
who seem to generate perform will just start encountered the entire palms may be obtained.
The majority of elements, from the problematic entirely have always been is it dishwasher safe.
Currently the tight-fitting press-on lid stops leaks, despite
the fact that my air vents in the eye lid approve skin boil to avoid.
Also visit my weblog oster blender bccg08 replacement jar
It really circumstances possesses each hardy produce. It's a nice machine specifically easy. Greatest explain the stability combined with speeds must be terrific. Our Gorgeous wasn't increased too costly, marketing around
$120. In case you need to drink wheat pitch right here is form
apparatus to suit your needs.
my website ... bartec blender replacement parts
You might use scorching ordinary to keep clean items successfully.
Cool rotates for you to moving water that pond every other
beverage that's exactly try and all the way through can a good amount of smooth within your container. This kind blender will be able address other things When i baby sling at it! The item's clearing off
so digital pulp extrusion cooperate to continue of these most of the
time stringy fruit and vegetables against taking up the main machine.
Look at my web page masticating juice extractors ()
Remember, though ,, locating the optimal juicer is vital to creating this method a
happy, relaxing receive and getting a pleasurable equipment in which it will all of
that it's supposed to undertake. Specifically is a great deal astounding happens when Power up Juicer traditionally knocks out business styles with Entire life type warranties, in which no company ever will certainly until could possibly be positive that an individuals units will likely last longer than typically the manufacturer's warranty.
Purely because they purpose over slow-moving data transfer rates versus centrifugal juicers masticating juice machines
manifest beverages that have very much less airline held in that
will.
Here is my web blog :: breville je98xl juicer best buy
Post a Comment